Topic N5

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Japanese Learning

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N5Grammar

Lesson 8: How is your life?

Learn about Na-adjectives and I-adjectives. How to praise, describe things/events, and the negative forms of adjectives.

Meaning

Classification of adjectives

✏️ Structure

- Tính từ đuôi な (Na-adj): Tận cùng không có 'i' (trừ Kirei, Yuumei, Kirai). - Tính từ đuôi い (I-adj): Tận cùng là 'i'.

💡 Usage

Adjectives are used to describe states, qualities, or emotions. It is necessary to distinguish between the two types to conjugate correctly.

📚 Examples

•

ハンサム（な）

Hansamu (na)

Handsome (Na-adj)

•

高たかい

Takai

High / Expensive (I-adj)

•

親切しんせつ（な）

Shinsetsu (na)

Kind (Na-adj)

•

有名ゆうめい（な）

Yuumei (na)

Famous (Na-adj)

•

新あたらしい

Atarashii

New (I-adj)

Meaning

N is ... (Descriptive)

✏️ Structure

N は Adj です

💡 Usage

Affirmative sentences used to describe the quality of the topic. Both types of adjectives end with 'desu'.

📚 Examples

•

ワット先生せんせいは親切しんせつです。

Watto-sensei wa shinsetsu desu.

Mr. Watt is kind.

•

富士山ふじさんは高たかいです。

Fuji-san wa takai desu.

Mount Fuji is high.

•

この本ほんは古ふるいです。

Kono hon wa furui desu.

This book is old.

•

この町まちはにぎやかです。

Kono machi wa nigiyaka desu.

This town is lively.

•

そのパソコンは新あたらしいです。

Sono pasokon wa atarashii desu.

That computer is new.

Meaning

N is not ...

✏️ Structure

- Đuôi Na: N は Adj じゃありません - Đuôi I: N は Adj (~i) -> くないです

💡 Usage

Negative forms of adjectives.

Na-adj: Remove 'na' and add 'ja arimasen'.
I-adj: Remove 'i' and add 'kunai desu'.

📚 Examples

•

あそこは静しずかじゃありません。

Asoko wa shizuka ja arimasen.

That place is not quiet.

•

この本ほんは面白おもしろくないです。

Kono hon wa omoshirokunai desu.

This book is not interesting.

•

この部屋へやは広ひろくないです。

Kono heya wa hirokunai desu.

This room is not spacious.

•

その料理りょうりは美味おいしくないです。

Sono ryouri wa oishikunai desu.

That dish is not delicious.

•

彼かれはハンサムじゃありません。

Kare wa hansamu ja arimasen.

He is not handsome.

Meaning

... Noun

✏️ Structure

- Đuôi Na: Adj な N - Đuôi I: Adj (giữ nguyên i) N

💡 Usage

Place the adjective before the noun to add meaning or clarify the quality of that noun.

📚 Examples

•

親切しんせつな人ひとですね。

Shinsetsu-na hito desu ne.

A kind person, isn't it?

•

富士山ふじさんは高たかい山やまです。

Fuji-san wa takai yama desu.

Mount Fuji is a tall mountain.

•

綺麗きれいな花はなです。

Kirei-na hana desu.

It is a beautiful flower.

•

静しずかな町まちです。

Shizuka-na machi desu.

It is a quiet town.

•

冷つめたい水みずを飲のみます。

Tsumetai mizu o nomimasu.

I drink cold water.

Meaning

Very / Not very ...

✏️ Structure

- Khẳng định: とても Adj - Phủ định: あまり Adj (phủ định)

💡 Usage

Adverbs of degree.

Totemo: Very (used in affirmative sentences).
Amari: Not very (used in negative sentences).

📚 Examples

•

ペキンはとても寒さむいです。

Pekin wa totemo samui desu.

Beijing is very cold.

•

桜大学さくらだいがくはあまり有名ゆうめいじゃありません。

Sakura-daigaku wa amari yuumei ja arimasen.

Sakura University is not very famous.

•

このパソコンはとても便利べんりです。

Kono pasokon wa totemo benri desu.

This computer is very convenient.

•

その鞄かばんはあまり重おもくないです。

Sono kaban wa amari omokunai desu.

That bag is not very heavy.

•

日本語にほんごはとても面白おもしろいです。

Nihongo wa totemo omoshiroi desu.

Japanese is very interesting.

Meaning

How is N?

✏️ Structure

N はどうですか

💡 Usage

A question used to ask for the listener's impression or opinion about a thing, place, or person.

📚 Examples

•

日本にほんの生活せいかつはどうですか。

Nihon no seikatsu wa dou desu ka.

How is life in Japan?

•

…楽たのしいです。

...Tanoshii desu.

...It is fun.

•

お茶ちゃはどうですか。

Ocha wa dou desu ka.

How about some tea?

•

その靴くつはどうですか。

Sono kutsu wa dou desu ka.

How are those shoes?

•

…大おおきいです。

...Ookii desu.

...They are large.

Meaning

What kind of N2 is N1?

✏️ Structure

N1 はどんな N2 ですか

💡 Usage

Used to ask about the specific quality or state of N1 when N1 belongs to noun group N2.

📚 Examples

•

奈良ならはどんな町まちですか。

Nara wa donna machi desu ka.

What kind of town is Nara?

•

…古ふるい町まちです。

...Furui machi desu.

...It is an old town.

•

東京とうきょうはどんな町まちですか。

Toukyou wa donna machi desu ka.

What kind of town is Tokyo?

•

…にぎやかな町まちです。

...Nigiyaka-na machi desu.

...It is a lively town.

•

ワット先生せんせいはどんな人ひとですか。

Watto-sensei wa donna hito desu ka.

What kind of person is Mr. Watt?

Meaning

... but ...

✏️ Structure

S1 が、 S2

💡 Usage

The particle 'ga' is used to connect two clauses with opposite meanings (however/but).

📚 Examples

•

日本にほんの食たべ物ものは美味おいしいですが、高たかいです。

Nihon no tabemono wa oishii desu ga, takai desu.

Japanese food is delicious but expensive.

•

このパソコンは便利べんりですが、高たかいです。

Kono pasokon wa benri desu ga, takai desu.

This computer is convenient but expensive.

•

日本語にほんごは難むずかしいですが、面白おもしろいです。

Nihongo wa muzukashii desu ga, omoshiroi desu.

Japanese is difficult but interesting.

•

この部屋へやは狭せまいですが、きれいです。

Kono heya wa semai desu ga, kirei desu.

This room is small but clean.

•

そのハンバーガーは安やすいですが、美味おいしくないです。

Sono hanbaagaa wa yasui desu ga, oishikunai desu.

That hamburger is cheap but not tasty.

📖Related Grammar

Lesson 6: Shall we eat together?

Lesson 7: Who do you give presents to?

Lesson 9: It's regrettable / Because I have something to do

Lesson 10: There is a man over there

Japanese Learning

Lesson 8: How is your life?

Na-adjectives / I-adjectives

✏️ Structure

💡 Usage

📚 Examples

N は (wa) Adj です (desu) (Affirmative)

✏️ Structure

💡 Usage

📚 Examples

N は (wa) Adj negative forms

✏️ Structure

💡 Usage

📚 Examples

Adj な (na) N / Adj (~) N (Attributive)

✏️ Structure

💡 Usage

📚 Examples

とても (Totemo) / あまり (Amari)

✏️ Structure

💡 Usage

📚 Examples

N は (wa) どうですか (dou desu ka)

✏️ Structure

💡 Usage

📚 Examples

N1 は (wa) どんな (donna) N2 ですか (desu ka)

✏️ Structure

💡 Usage

📚 Examples

～が (ga)、～

✏️ Structure

💡 Usage

📚 Examples

📖Related Grammar