Grammar N2

In the end... / After all... (mostly negative result)

In the end... / After all... (mostly negative result) Vた + あげく（に） / Nの + あげく（に） Expresses a negative outcome after a long, often difficult process or state.

So much... that... / Too...

So much... that... / Too... Vる / Nの + あまり Used to express an extreme degree of emotion or state, leading to a specific (often negative or unusual) result.

Or / Possibly

Or / Possibly N + あるいは + N / 文 + あるいは + 文 Used to link alternatives. Can also mean "possibly" or "maybe".

Continue to... / Just... (negative trend)

Continue to... / Just... (negative trend) Vる + ばかりだ Indicates that a situation is continuing to change in one direction (usually getting worse).

Not only... but also...

Not only... but also... N / V / A + ばかりか Expresses that "not only A, but also B". Used in formal contexts.

Simply because... / Just because...

Simply because... / Just because... V / A / Nである + ばかりに Indicates that a negative result occurred simply because of a certain reason.

Can't keep doing... / Can't just...

Can't keep doing... / Can't just... Vて + ばかりはいられない Expresses that one cannot afford to continue a certain state or action due to circumstances.

Should not...

Should not... Vる + べきではない Used to express the speaker's judgment that something is inappropriate or wrong.

By the way / Incidentally

By the way / Incidentally 文 + ちなみに + 文 Used to add related, incidental information to the previous topic.

Not at all / Not a bit

Not at all / Not a bit ちっとも + Vない / Aくない Used for emphatic negation. Equivalent to "not at all".

However / But / Nevertheless

However / But / Nevertheless 文1. だが 文2. A formal conjunction used to connect two sentences with opposing meanings.

As expected of / Being the case that / Not for nothing

As expected of / Being the case that / Not for nothing N + だけあって / V-plain + だけあって Used when something is as high quality or has certain characteristics as expected from its reputation or effort.

Better than / At least / One should be grateful that...

Better than / At least / One should be grateful that... V-plain + だけましだ / Adj + だけましだ Used to say that although a situation is not good, it could have been worse, so one should be thankful for the current state.

Being the case / Precisely because / All the more because

Being the case / Precisely because / All the more because N + だけに / V-plain + だけに Used to emphasize that because of a certain reason, a result is even more pronounced or natural.

As much as / At least / Done all that is possible

As much as / At least / Done all that is possible V-plain + だけは + V (cùng một động từ) Indicates that one has done everything possible in that capacity, regardless of the outcome.

Full of / Covered with (usually negative)

Full of / Covered with (usually negative) N + だらけ Used to describe a state where something unpleasant covers a surface or is present everywhere.

Because / But / Even

Because / But / Even 文 + だって Used in casual conversation to state a reason or justification, often with a defensive tone.

Even if I have to / No matter what it takes

Even if I have to / No matter what it takes V-te + でも Expresses a strong determination to do something even if it requires an extreme or undesirable action.

Cannot help but / Extremely / Unbearably

Cannot help but / Extremely / Unbearably V-te + ならない / Adj-i -> くてならない / Adj-na -> でならない Used with verbs/adjectives expressing spontaneous emotion or physical state that one cannot control.

Shall we / Why don't we / Isn't it...?

Shall we / Why don't we / Isn't it...? V-volitional + ではないか / N + ではないか 1. Used to suggest or invite someone to do something together (primarily used by men or older people). 2. Used to express a realization or confirm an obvious fact.