Lesson 2: This, That, That over there

For confirmation questions, you can answer "はい、そうです" instead of "はい、N desu".

Answer "いいえ、ちがいます" or "いいえ、N1 desu" instead of "いいえ, N ja arimasen".

These are demonstrative pronouns, used as nouns.

• Kore: Object near the speaker.

• Sore: Object near the listener.

• Are: Object far from both.

The words "Kono, Sono, Ano" modify the noun following them.

• Kono N: This N (near speaker)

• Sono N: That N (near listener)

• Ano N: That N over there (far from both)

Note: "Kono/Sono/Ano" must be accompanied by a noun; they cannot stand alone.

A question asking to choose between two or more things/people. The listener chooses N1 or N2 to answer.

Note: Do not use "Hai" or "Iie" to answer this type of question.

Used when N1 explains the content of N2 ("What about what?").

Used when N1 is the owner of N2 ("Whose is what?").

Used when the listener receives new information and wants to show they understood or acknowledged it.

Pronunciation: Lower the intonation at the end.